SOLID Principles

The SOLID principles are a set of five design principles for writing maintainable and scalable software. These principles were introduced by Robert C. Martin and are widely used in object-oriented programming. The SOLID acronym stands for:

• Single Responsibility
• Open/Closed
• Liskov Substitution
• Interface Segregation
• Dependency Inversion

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP):

• Definition: A class should have only one reason to change.
• Explanation: The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) suggests that a class should have only one responsibility or job. In other words, a class should encapsulate only one aspect of the software’s functionality. This principle aims to keep classes focused, maintainable, and easier to understand. If a class has more than one reason to change, it becomes more error-prone and harder to maintain.
• Example Explanation: The first set of classes violated SRP by combining report generation and database interaction in a single class (Report). The corrected example adheres to SRP by separating these responsibilities into two classes (Report and DatabaseSaver), each with a single responsibility.

// Violation of SRP
class Report {
    public void…